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Alphabet Variation:

Weight: consists of bold and bold italic type. These are heavier in stroke weight than the Roman counterpart. There are also many other typefaces like medium and light and extra-bold and black

Width: Some typestyles include character widths which are more narrow than roman (condensed) and some are wider (extended).

Style: The available number of styles vary. They are based on the following visual qualities: character angle, character weight, and character width.


Measuring Type:

Point: used to measure height. Examples: the type size and the space between lines and/or paragraphs.

Pica: measure width. Specifically the width of a column or the space between columns.

X-Height: the height of the lowercase letters, excluding the ascenders and
descenders. The larger the x-height is in relation to the cap height, the larger the letters will look in comparison.

Cap Height: The distance from the top of the capital letter to the bottom.

Leading: vertical spacing between each line of type.


Points and picas are used to measure type because they are smaller increments than inches and millimeters. Thus they can be more accurate.
There are 72 points in an inch.
There are 6 picas in an inch.
There are 12 points in a pica.
36 points = approximately an inch.